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Áreas do centro-oeste, nordeste, norte e sudeste são as mais vulneráveis
25/04/2025 às 19:30
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Mais de 480 mil pessoas morreram por causa do calor intenso no planeta | Ralf Vetterle/Pixabay
Várias regiões do Brasil podem enfrentar condições inabitáveis nos próximos 50 anos devido ao calor extremo e às mudanças climáticas que têm se intensificado. A afirmação é de um novo estudo da Agência Espacial Americana (NASA).
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As áreas do centro-oeste, nordeste, norte e sudeste são as mais vulneráveis. As temperaturas podem alcançar até 37°C, combinadas com umidade do ar superior a 70%, assim o índice de calor pode ultraar 50°C, combinando temperatura elevada com umidade excessiva.
Além do desconforto, essas condições podem elevar a temperatura corporal acima de 42°C, limite crítico para danos cerebrais e falência múltipla de órgão. Oito em cada 10 brasileiros se preocupam com mudanças climáticas.
Não é necessário estar exposto diretamente ao sol para sofrer um colapso térmico. Estudos indicam que existem pelo menos 27 distúrbios relacionados ao calor que podem ser letais.
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As doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares, por exemplo, são as principais condições que podem ser agravadas em situações de calor extremo.
Outras regiões do mundo também podem se tornar inabitáveis devido ao calor, como o sul da Ásia, países do Golfo Pérsico, partes da China e do sudeste asiático.
Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a Organização Meteorológica Mundial (OMM), entre 2000 e 2019, o calor foi responsável por cerca de 489 mil mortes anuais em todo o mundo.
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Devido à subnotificação, estima-se que o número de óbitos possa ser maior. Os cientistas indicam que a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa é fundamental para conter o aquecimento global, junto a políticas de conservação ambiental, como o combate ao desmatamento e às queimadas.
O consumo responsável de recursos naturais e a promoção de práticas sustentáveis também são estratégias importantes.
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